Situation Analysis/Target Market Identification Report and Collage free essay sample

09/08/2011 SITUATION ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION Curtin College Ms. Desiree Jones Trimester 2, 2011 Situation Analysis/Target Market Identification SITUATION ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION 1. 0 Situation Analysis/Current promoting Mix 1. 1 Current Product A rnott? s Tiny Teddy is a brand of sweet rolls which has youngsters matured between 3 †7 years of age as an essential center market (Ryan 2002). Every roll is little in size and framed as a small bear which children find â€Å"cute†. The advantages of purchasing such an item are, that it has no fake hues, flavors or additives (Arnott? s 2009). In addition, it has been demonstrated that in a suggested serve of 13 scones, there is just not exactly a teaspoon of fat and under 2 teaspoon of sugar. Being a child? s nibble, small teddy was assumed not to be sold at the school flask, however since it meets the â€Å"Amber† school bottle rules, this item is permitted to be sold without no limitations as it doesn't ruin the soundness of children quickly (Choice Food For Kids 2007). Just like a bite or a gathering time great, Arnott? s Tiny Teddy ought to be helpful to purchase. It ought to be handily found on the racks of a store as customers will get it without really thinking or on exceptional events. The bundle of the item is beautiful with highlights, for example, leaves, mushrooms, honey bees, ladybirds, 3 teddy bears †where every one speaks to a flavor; nectar, choc chips and chocolate (Arnott? s 2009). Individual enhanced rolls are likewise accessible in the event that one wouldn't like to purchase the assortment sack. In one major sack of Tiny Teddy there are 10 little packs of treats. It relies upon the buyer? s unwaveringness, if no Tiny Teddy is accessible at a store. In any case, despite the fact that, it appears as though guardians of children are extremely faithful in purchasing Arnott? s Tiny Teddy rather than different brands as they probably am aware the wellbeing factors that Arnott? take in thought in assembling the Tiny Teddy. The bundling of the item differs on the amount and different models accessible. Some are made of boxes and others of plastic (Arnott? s 2009) which makes the item advantageous to be arranged as a reusing material. 1. 2 Current Pricing T inny Teddy is item that is found in an exceptionally serious market as the Food nibble advertise has developed since the yester-year of „boiled lolly?. Purchaser needs have changed hence making an effect on wellbeing factors for the most part. The cost of the item differs from store to store, which for the most part falls onto the scope of $ (AUD) 3. 50-$ (AUD) 5. 0 (OfficeMax 2011). Being in a serious market, a financial analyst will reason that in the event that the cost of Tiny Teddy rises, at that point the purchaser request of this item will diminish. In any case, 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION there are different components that can influence the interest of this specific great, and such are buyer faithfulness, accommodation of procurement and nature of the item. In reality the cost of Arnott? s Tiny Teddy is between $ 3. 00-$ 5. 00 (AUD) which marginally coordinates the cost of its rivals, for example, the Cadbury nibble sandwich and Cadbury outing chocolate bars (Great Aussie Food 2011). Everything depends on the shopper? s ability to pay that a buy choice will be made. The buy choice procedure of every purchaser changes, therefore a few customers will get it based on the cost and others based on quality offered, picture and highlights. As indicated by an examination conveyed by the Campbell Arnott? s Asia Pacific Division indicated that the Arnott? s Brand, which incorporates Tim Tam, Sao and Tiny Teddy, has over 60% of the Australian Biscuit advertise and possesses over 95% of the Australian Household and is right now the main Australian roll producer (Campbell Arnott? APC Action Plan 2010). Subsequently, this infers purchasers don't accepting that specific brand or its item, for example, the Tiny Teddy for this circumstance, based on cost however of value, highlights and friends picture. 1. 3 Current Distribution Being a comfort decent or something bought because of motivation, Tiny Teddy scones are accessible in grocery stores, nearby goods, at the shops just as the school container. Instances of general stores and staple goods are Coles, Woolworths, IGA, Food Works, Flemings, BI-LO, Action Supermarkets and so forth (Coles 2011). The item is likewise accessible at certain service stations where really the offer of the great apparently has a weight. Being an item adored by kids most stores and grocery stores have Tiny Teddy as a thing to be sold as the brand has a decent picture and quality is offered in purchasing the item, which are characteristics that pull in a possible purchaser. Metallic Teddy is found on the center upper to lower or upper racks of practically all food stores. This reasons organizations attempt to show the item to the greatest to their crowd. 1. 4 Current Promotion A rnott? brand utilizes brilliant, melodic and quick advertisements to advance the Tiny Teddy bread rolls. The 2009 IGA/Arnott? s advancement comprised of purchasing 2 Arnott? s Tiny Teddy to enter a value withdrawal of $100, 000 (Lottos 2011). This advancement was affected in order to target guardians of children in purchasing the Arnott? s Tiny Teddy. Also, the 2010 various media advertisement was advancing the Tiny Teddy hu ndreds and thousands (Youtube 2010). The 4 SITUATION ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION promotion comprised of a gathering where children were moving and along were moving the 3 infinitesimal teddies included on the item bundling. One character of the Tiny Teddy dissipated the hundreds and thousands little snacks everywhere throughout the floor while opening when it was moving. The promotion was hostage in hues, music and cheerful dispositions. The message behind this advertisement is that you, kids, can keep the celebrating or the moving state of mind between your companions and you as long as there is as yet minuscule teddy snacks since it? s sure they will adore it. 2. 0 Segmentation 2. 1 Segmentation: Definition T he Australian market manages numerous purchasers who are not quite the same as one another. As customer needs shifts from individuals to individuals, at that point actually every purchaser or potential shopper is an individual market (Euromonitor International, 2010). Division isn't completed by advertisers, yet it happens normally based on the comparability in the intrigue level of every individual client. As a matter of fact advertisers use division as a device in distinguishing each extraordinary market. By and large, the gathering of clients and expected clients into littler and premium comparability bunches for a specific promoting recommendation, is called division (Kotler et al. 008, 228). Division can be grouped into these classes; segment division, geographic division, psychographic division and conduct division. Segment Segmentation-It is the categorisation of a market in bunches dependent on age, sex, family size, family-cycle stage, salary and occupation (Kotler et al. 2008, 230). Geographic Segmentation-This is the division of a market into topographical units, for example, areas, states, countries, districts and urban communities. For instance, compost maker Ocra from Australia portioned the market for its yield assurance items into geological units in order to all the more likely distribute the correct item to the correct area at the ideal time (Kotler et al. 2008, 230) Psychographic Segmentation-This sort of division helps in assessing a market dependent on way of life, social class or character (Market division, 2011). 5 SITUATION ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION Behavioral Segmentation-It is the division of a market based on client? information on, mentalities towards, utilizations and reactions for the item (Market Segmentation, 2011). 2. 2 Advantages of Segmentation to Current Product D G emographic Segmentation †As expressed beforehand, the segment division comprises of separating the market into gatherings old enough, sexual orientation, family size, familycycle stage, pay and occupation. This sort of division will empower advertisers of Tinny Teddy to all the more likely comprehend the marke t that request that specific item in Australia regarding their age gathering, where they can represent an image of precisely who to focus on, a such are kids and their folks. Furthermore, it will be simple again for advertisers to know the value their objective market are happy to pay essentially just by sorting their market into weight of earnings. Notices will be simpler to make as advertisers will realize who to target demographically. eographic division †As it is observable that this sort of division is identified with geographic components, it will be a preferred position to survey the land chances of the item as it will help them in choosing their objective market topographically as in certain nations, states or districts the purchasing conduct of a market fluctuates. This will explicitly diagram where the item ought to be sold the most or least, which implies that the circulation of the item is sorted out and exact which gives the organization less serious into appropriating an inappropriate sum or an inappropriate item or model to an inappropriate locale, nation or state. Geographic division additionally helps in deciding the size of the focused on showcase, along these lines driving different branches of the firm into deciding the amount of item to be made and its expenses and incomes. P ychographic Segmentation †The way of life, social class and character of the focused on crowd is resolved through this sort of division. It is significant for advertisers to know about variables as it will help them in the categorisation of their market. Ads will be focused on just to those individuals who believe that their way of life, character and social class are reflected through the brand, classification of items and the item itself. Knowing the way of life, character qualities and social class of one? s focused on 6 Circumstance ANALYSIS/TARGET MARKET IDENTIFICATION crowd improves the manner in which the promotion is p

Coral Divers Case Study Essay Example

Coral Divers Case Study Essay Example Coral Divers Case Study Paper Coral Divers Case Study Paper In the wake of researching Coral Divers industriously, I am enchanted to be recruited as an expert to assess Coral Divers vital circumstance. In view of my discoveries, I trust Coral Divers is in a diminishing condition of financials and decreasing serious position. Their total compensation is negative and expanding in 2005 through 2007. What's more, there is an absence of differentiators at Coral Divers, upsetting them from their opposition. The current issue is whether Coral Divers should take on a potential development procedure, which comprises of adding a family get-away part to their retreat, and an undertaking jumping viewpoint. This would empower them to take into account a more noteworthy assortment of individuals and permit expanded rivalry. Show 1. 1 Supplier Power * Minimal * Integrating vertically not likely * Service based Degree of Rivalry * High Competitive industry = Low returns on the grounds that the expense of rivalry is high * Tough economy = awful * Buyer Power * High * Amenities and administration significant * Low expense in looking at resorts Threat Of Substitutes * Vacations somewhere else doing different exercises is likely Threat Of New Entrants * High * Easy to open retreat To break down the business I will begin with a 5-powers investigation on the Scuba Diving Resort industry, appeared in display 1. 1. In view of the Five Forces Analysis, we can verify that the scuba jumper resort industry exists in a strongly serious market. It is a developing business sector in notoriety throughout the years and is proceeding to develop. Most jumpers run in age from 10 to 39. 80% of jumpers are instructed and have families. Plunging Resorts gain income from singular jumpers, family jumpers, convenience and luxuries, just as sorts of get-aways and jumps advertised. For this situation, convenience, comforts, and quality jumping trips is implies in fighting danger of new participants, and the level of competition. Watching out for costs for vacationers in the retreat is likewise basic. In light of the danger of substitutes and new contestants it is fundamental to minimize expenses for potential clients. It is significant Coral Divers continues checking costs, for example, downplaying luxuries, not under booking plunges, and keeping on-time flight tasks. Significant components in Coral Divers ebb and flow serious methodology include: * Small, non †swarmed vacationer resort Well respected * Safe and learned scuba plunging resort * Beachfront area While Coral Divers is as yet running 90% limit during the high season, this system isn't extremely clear, as Coral Divers essentially works fundamental business capacities to remain above water. System Coral Divers could take a shot at include: * Focus on Family Vacations using Rascals in Paradise * E mphasizing in family plunges and resort exercises * Adventure Diving * Shark Dives * Reef Dives * Wall Dives * Wreck Dives * Both Adventure and Family Vacations Neither Adventure or Family Vacations, proceeding with current methodology Also see Coral Divers’ business technique jewel in display 1. 2. Fields * Bahamas * Vacations Vehicles * Rascals in Paradise * Adventure Diving Exhibit 1. 2 Economic Logic * Cost control * Growing Margins Staging * Focused on plunging resort, moving gradually to family or potentially experience Differentiators * Small * Non-Crowded * Beachfront * Safe Knowledgeable Exhibit 1. 3 We can decide if Coral Divers current circumstance is sure or negative by survey a SWOT Analysis appeared in show 1. . In light of the SWOT investigation, Coral Divers has a genuinely alluring situation, as it has some quality. In any case, shortcomings and openings accessible give a lot of potential for Coral Divers to pick up piece of the overall industry. For this sit uation, a considerable lot of the shortcomings are the open doors accessible, and with accomplishment in circumstances battle dangers. Coral Divers execution to date is consistent. In view of monetary records gave, Coral Divers resources are gradually declining, and liabilities are expanding. This is assumingly because of expansion in the market and no expanded piece of the overall industry. Coral Divers incomes are additionally declining since 2005, I accept because of progressively serious markets and no solid differentiators. In the wake of breaking down the organization, plainly Coral Divers needs to utilize openings and reinforce their differentiators. Notwithstanding, it is basic to break down costs associated with new open doors contrasted with potential incomes. The options for Coral Divers incorporates: Alternative| Cost| Revenue Potential| Family Vacations/Rascals in Paradise| * $40,000 in redesigns on rooms * Children’s play structure = $15,000 * Babysitter = $7/hr @ 5 hrs/week = ~$2000/yr| * Return customer base * 90% every year * Higher costs for families * ~$1600 per family excursion * 90% rooms booked every week @ $3500 per unique family week= $18,900/week = $982,800/yr| Adventure Diving| * $10 per jump = shark plunge * Employee disheartened * $15,000 Chain mail suit| * Extra $50 per plunge per person| Both| * Large forthright cost| * Good long haul investment| Neither| * Differentiators in market| * None * Current operations| Show 1. 4 As an advisor to help survey Coral Divers procedure, I suggest that Coral Divers add the family get-away component to their business and use Rascals in Paradise. By including the Rascals Paradise, Coral Divers will have the option to support families all the more proficiently and without any problem. What's more, Coral Divers should include experience jumping once family relaxes is built up. This will make more buzz, movement, and explanation behind families to remain at Coral Divers. I prescribe this because of the absence of accomplishment Coral Divers has had previously. Since they have built up themselves, individuals will have the option to trust and need to utilize Coral Divers for family excursions and know there is information for experience jumping. We can make another market for family excursions and experience plunging by taking a gander at display 1. 4. Making New Markets Reduce * High expenses * Inconveniences Create/Add * Adventure Diving * Family Vacation well disposed Raise * Low expense * Good Service * Convenience for clients and families * More action happiness * Eliminate Distasteful help * Average retreat The strategy I would propose Coral Divers to take is to initially actualize Rascals in Paradise’s counseling administration and appointments program. Coral Divers should take on bundled and prepaid get-aways to give comfort to clients. Moreover, with Rascals experience, Coral Divers can use the forte help and return customer base. Higher incomes for the hotel in light of prepayment and bundled excursions are fundamental to t he achievement. After about a half year to a time of actualizing family excursions would propose Coral Divers to investigate how family traveling affected their income. In view of this outcome, I would recommend beginning to execute experience jumping. I would begin with one sort of experience for each month. Maybe offer just certain undertakings at specific occasions until every trip is aced without any defects. After every trip is tried and investigated, figure out which experiences get the most cash-flow and offer them all the more frequently. Fuse experience plunging into family bundles.

Illustrator Paper essays

Artist Paper papers Tomie dePaola is a well known childrens book writer that composes and delineates his own books. In spite of the fact that dePaola has many books composed and delineated by him, a large number of his books outlines are comparative. In an example of three of his books, Pancakes for Breakfast, Tom, and Strega Nonas Magic Lessons, his characters look particularly indistinguishable and his styles are comparative. In any case, there are a few components from each book that varies from one another. In each of the three books, dePaola utilizes a wide range of lines, rugged, straight, thick, flimsy, and delicate to do a few distinct things. Above all else, characters in every one of the 3 of his books are extremely straightforward. Their appearances and their feelings are communicated through straightforward lines and shapes. Despite the fact that they are not unpredictable, you can perceive what the characters are thinking and feeling essentially by taking a gander at how dePaola creates his lines. Second, in Pancakes for Breakfast, he utilized rough lines to show inclines and slopes and rugged lines to draw states of tree limbs. In Strega Nonas Magic Lessons, dePaola utilized a great deal of surprising lines on his characters. He worked admirably of demonstrating the characters all the more full body shapes through utilization of thrilling lines instead of straighter lines. Third, dePaola likewise utilizes his lines to make surface in Pancakes for Breakfast, yet less in Strega Nonas Magic Lessons and Tom. For instance, in Pancakes for Breakfast, he does a generally excellent activity of utilizing crosswise lines to show how animal dwellingplace dividers are finished, and he did a great activity of utilizing lines to show the unpleasant surface of feed in the horse shelter. In conclusion, in Strega Nona, dePaola utilizes milder lines and shadows to show profundity in his representations. In every one of the three of the books analyzed, dePaola utilizes a great deal of hues to connect with the youthful peruser. Be that as it may, each of the three books had diverse shading plans. For instance, in Strega Nona, he utilized a ton of blended hues. He utilized various shades of ... <!

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises Dissertation - 1

The degree of financiers' mindfulness, disposition towards social endeavors business modes and social ventures' capacity to attr - Dissertation Example Most definitely, they are two wellsprings of funds awards and non-awards. It is, notwithstanding, fascinating to take note of that dominant part of social ventures do fund their social exercises through awards gave by different government or non-government foundations. The portion of the awards gave by open organizations is a lot higher. At the end of the day, social endeavors do for the most part resort to government awards subsidizing for satisfying their social objectivities. (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Guclu, Dees, and Anderson, 2002; Social ventures need to rely upon outside wellsprings of fund for satisfying their social targets as more often than not they are unequipped for creating enough incomes from their business exercises to back their social exercises (Dees, 1994). The all the more fascinating thing to take note of that is they don't depend much on non-awards fund as an outside wellspring of their money. Award reliance among social undertakings is very predominant regardless of whether awards force specific sort of limitation on their exercises (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Alter, 2006). ... (Dees, 1994; Blau, 2005). Issue explanation obviously, prevalence of non-award funds like obligation account, value money and so on have expanded after some time among social endeavors. Many experienced social ventures are presently utilizing blended methodology of financing whether their joining award and non-award funds to back their social exercises. All things considered, non-award accounts are still less well known in correlation with award funds and henceforth, the issues that social undertaking face while utilizing awards despite everything continues and work as impediments in the way of acknowledgment of their objectives. (Wei-Skillern, Leonard, and Stevenson, 2007; Dees, 1994) There are sure purposes for less-reliance on non-award fund, especially loaning which is viewed as one of the most well-known wellsprings of money for any business endeavor. The supervisors and authors of social endeavors by and large case that customary moneylender like banks don't mindful of their un common needs and have a negative disposition identifying with the issue of stretching out credits to them. This case is mostly evident. From the perspective of a moneylender, especially of a broker, the progression of income and the limit of paying all the obligations with premium are the key components and rules for surveying the advance use of any association. Notwithstanding, reimbursing credit with interests is unquestionably a test for the chiefs of those endeavors that work so as to meet some social goals. (Dees, Emerson, and Economy, 2001; Blau, 2005) Since social enterprises’ operational goals are particular from those of regular business undertakings, the rules for surveying applications for advances ought not be same as

Up

Up On June 1 (where my last post left off) I hopped on a plane and left Boston for the summer. One fistfight later*, I landed in DC, fully resolved to pack every minute of the weekend with something awesome. No summer seconds to waste. *Not my own. While I waited for my connecting flight in New York, some guys decided to beat each other up in the main concourse, right in front of the departure gate boards. Maybe they were upset that their gate got moved? It was pretty dramatic; employees and passengers alike ran over to watch. Really, though? Fighting in an airport terminal? These people couldnt pick a better place for that? My friend Spencer picked me up from the airport. Our first stop: Walmart. Not exactly the best start for a pack every minute of the weekend with something awesome, but preparation was required for our various adventures. We bought (in order of decreasing importance) marshmallows, hot dogs, hot dog buns, a lighter + lighter fluid, and a sleeping bag. This is where we spent the night: This picture is misleading, because it makes it look like it was sunny, warm, and dry, all of which are absolutely false descriptions of the tent setup experience. It was pouring when we arrived. With a tarp, extra shirts, loud voices, and a robust sense of humor, we propped the car door open and used the tarp to ferry materials back and forth. When we finally got inside the tent, it was perfectly dry: success! And theres nothing quite like being inside a tent and listening to the rain try in vain to gain access to yourterrain. The next morning, Spencer dropped me off with my best friend from Middle School, Monica. She left London after 8th grade, and since then Ive only seen her twice, but both times it was like no time had passed at all; despite not keeping in touch that regularly, and despite growing up in entirely different countries and attending entirely different high schools and universities, with entirely different groups of friends, it seems that weve grown up in parallel. That afternoon was her older sisters graduation-from-the-Naval-Academy party. This made me feel unspeakably old, since I have a very strong memory of that same sisters graduation-from-eighth-grade party. Monica spent most of the party running around the room playing hostess, and I tagged along because I knew approximately six out of the hundred people present. Just as Monica and I started to reminisce about Middle School, when EVERYONE asked whether we were twins or sisters or cousins: Random family friend: Monica! How youve grown! Monica: Hello! Random family friend (to me): And you must bea first cousin? Me: Nope. Random family friend: Wait, really? Me: Yes. Random family friend: You and Monica look like TWINS! If I had four hands, I could show you the number of times this happened. The last instance: Random family friend: Monica! How youve grown! Monica: Hello! Random family friend (laughing): Oh, you two look like TWINS! Me: Haha, yeah, we get that a lot. Random family friend: I can imagine. Youre what, first cousins? Me (assuming that she was joking): HAHAHAHAHA! hah! haha! yeah! first cousins! Random family friend: Me: At this point, I realized she was serious. Me: NO! WHAT? NO! WERE NOT EVEN THE SAME ETHNICITY! For your reference: Thoughts? I think its the glasses/hair combination. Anyway, after lots of hugging, Monica and I parted ways and Spencer picked me up. Pictures describe what we did at 4am the next day better than I ever could. In case you havent figured out what this all means yet: a sunrise hot air balloon ride. 150,000 cubic feet of gas suspending five people above the ground for an hour and a half. In the afternoon, my post-finals pre-internship adventure was over Spencer drove me to Charlottesville, VA, where I am right now and where I will be until the middle of August. Ive been here for three and a half weeks. I spend my time with new friends instead of old friends, in an unfamiliar city instead of Boston or DC, but still with that resolve to treasure every summer second. That mindset makes the summer pass way  more slowly. My theory is that, this way, my brain has more to remember if I did the exact same thing every day for a week, seven days would blur together into one. Doing something new or different every day, whether that means adventuring around Charlottesville or riding a tube down a river or going out to eat or watching a new movie or reading a new book or just being goofy with friends, gifts me 7 full days of memories per week. Goal for each day: exercise your medial temporal lobe. Give it something to remember.

Annotated Bibliography on the Effects of Tourism in Hawaii - 3025 Words

Annotated Bibliography on the Effects of Tourism in Hawaii (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Annotated Bibliography on the Effects of Tourism in HawaiiStudents NameDateBlackford, M. G., 2001, Fragile paradise: the impact of tourism on Maui, 1959-2000, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas. Blackfords book offers crucial insights into the state of tourism and the consequences it has had on the pristine island of Hawaii. Appropriately titled to underscore the precariousness of the once serene state, the book draws the attention of the reader to the once quiet habitat that is now buzzing with a sea of humanity it cannot serve. With the coming of commercial jets to the island and ensuing technological advancement, the four islands that make up the state have experienced tremendous development. First, the beautiful beaches and sugar plantations with slightly over 37,000 residents and tourists half that number in the 1950s has rapidly transformed within the last 50 years. The 727 square miles now hosts twice the number of residents plus more than 2 million annual vi sitors. Consequently, the beautiful beaches and plantations have been replaced with a sea of humanity and vehicles that barely move because of traffic jam. Moreover, increase of number of settlements has stretched the area beyond its limits and now areas largely inhabited by native people choke with sewage. The clustering of town and rural settlements has bred a crisis of overpopulation that now threatens the very existence of the island. Furthermore, the book details the rapid explosion of the tourism industry and the effect it has had on the island with a special focus on Maui as it is the tourism headquarters of the state. The economic question particularly, as presented by Blackford, is a complex one. While most of those in the hotel and entertainment sector especially ethnic Filipinos and urbane native Hawaiian, the boom has been a blessing. For most of the native people, the growth has brought about pain. Most personal accounts of people as captured in the book paint a gloomy picture of livelihood interference and the resultant traffic jam and sex commercialization that have become the hallmark of the new dispensation. The change in land use policy for instance has disconnected many from something they hold important in their lives. Access to water has become harder despite being surrounded by water. Additionally, electricity generation has come at a great environmental cause. The imminent completion of the Kahului Airport has contributed to further environmental degradation. Moreover, for most Hawaiians who feel the new development has sidelined them, the massive infrastructural development is likely to push them further to the periphery. Prominently, Blackfords book is relevant for various reasons important being its balanced approach to the subject. The book traces the history of the island and conjures an image of beauty and innocence. This helps the reader to link the past, present and future and feel how the changing dynamics have affected the peo ple. Importantly too, Blackford has been able to capture the concrete statistics without letting emotions get into the way as well as to integrate the emotions without letting data get into the way. Ultimately, this breathes life into the book and set it apart as an objective and balanced insight into the effects of tourism in Hawaii.Collins, L. D., Isaki, B., 2016,Tourism impacts West Maui. Lahaina, Hawai'I, North Beach-West Maui Benefit Fund. Amid all the glamour of Hawaii that has been the Island such a legendary destination for tourists; a lot is lost about how the state came to be. The hundreds of years before American capitalism visited the place, locals lived in a communal paradise where the economy and land were communal. A strong sense of togetherness bounded the people and beneath the physical beauty laid a deeper attractiveness. However, with the advent of American capitalism, the vast swathes of land that the natives had occupied since earliest memories were dispossess ed from them as individual land ownership became a norm. Before the natives could realize, their land was in the hands of foreigners and they could do nothing about it. Quickly forward to the present, the cruel history has been replaced with a thin veneer of a happy place where pleasure-seekers go to find happiness. The economy has expanded while pushing the natives further away from the benefits. Dispossessed of their land and means of economic production, most of what the world view as a booming industrial tourism is a symbol of historical injustice to many native Hawaiians. Probably because of the legal training and social justice activism background of the writer, the book might come across as somewhat irrelevant to the effects of tourism in Hawaii. However, it is its radical and refreshing tone that makes it particularly important in understanding the natives feelings and perceptions towards tourism in the state. Each of the nine essays in the book revolves around the issue of land and historical injustice. To many native Hawaiians, the sight of tourist hotels and resorts is a constant reminder of the injustice that was visited on them by foreigners who took over their land. To these natives, especially a majority of them who are outside the tourism industry, a reversion to their old serene life would be their favorable outcome. The modern property rights regime poses an inherent contradiction to the familiar arable and communal private ownership that characterized their lives. To the older people especially, they cannot comprehend why certain areas are restricted for tourists and visitors to their land are treated with more dignity than the local people. In Collins and Isakis book, tourism is a bitter pill to swallow for many especially as it relates to land. The book details account of people who bemoan the loss of the natural and rich environment that was their country. In West Maui for instance, the establishment of irrigation schemes diverted water f rom the agricultural practices that depended on it downstream. This had a negative impact on their economic life as it affected sugarcane production, their economic mainstay. The irrigation pads pose a health risk too as they provided breeding areas for mosquitoes and led to malaria infection. The books radical tone makes it relevant to the topic as it captures the feelings of most native Hawaiians.Darowski, Lukasz, Strilchuk, Jordan, Sorochuk, Jason, Provost, Casey, 2007, Negative Impact of Tourism on Hawaii Natives and Environment, Lethbridge Undergraduate Research Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1.10. The article starts by noting the tremendous growth in tourism in Hawaii as a result of technology that has made it tremendously easy to travel far with ease in additional to traditional factors such as the warm climate and rich diversity that the Island offers. The industry has therefore bloomed into a billion dollar sector generating more than 10 billion annually. The income has gone i nto creating employment as well as generating the much needed revenue for government as well as income for the people. However, the economic benefits have been overshadowed by potential deleterious effects on Hawaii natives and the environment. The growth of the tourism industry has necessitated an increase of infrastructure which has inevitably come at the expense of the environment. The article argues that the doubling of the number of hotels rooms to more than 130,000 in the space of a decade from 1985 came at the expense of the rich fauna and flora that characterize the island. Additionally, the new development has brought about an increase in demand for energy again with potential environmental degradation. The article cites a report showing that more than half of the flora and fauna is now endangered and may disappear from the island in the next few decades. This will be a huge blow to Hawaii given that its major attraction is the rich plant and animal diversity. With the ups et of the ecosystem, lives will be put at risk. Another potential threat is the erosion of the rich Hawaiian culture. The article cites a report putting stating that practically all tourist resorts in the island are built on a culturally important site. Consequently, the traditional livelihoods of local people have been upset with cultural anthropologists arguing that the development could result into reduced meaning of life for the natives. Coupled with the increasing prostitution and the growth of sex tourism, Hawaiis culture hangs precariously between survival and extinction. The article is very relevant and useful as it captures the gist of the non-economic problems that Hawaii faces because of tourism. The writers combine an environmental and anthropological perspective to arrive at the credible conclusion that the current tourism trajectory in the island is unsustainable. Moreover, the article offers logical recommendations the most important ones being eco-tourism and increas ed protection for cultural heritage and sites. Importantly, the writers call for a unified approach bringing together the government, tourism stakeholders, and local communities to address environmental and cultural issues. A minor blip in the article is that it does not give the name or references where it derives certain information. For instance, the writers would have amplified their point regarding potential extinction of certain animal and plant species had they cited readily available evidence from UNEP and UNESCO. Despite the oversight, the specific points made are clear and uncontestable. The article is therefore relevant and appropriate in the study of effects of tourism in Hawaii.Shahzalal, Md, 2016, Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism on Culture: A Critical Review of Examples from the Contemporary Literature, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, vol. 20,...

Types of Plays in the Ancient Roman Theater

Essay on Doomed Relationships in the Bread Givers by...

Doomed Relationships in the Bread Givers The Bread Givers, written by Anzia Yezierska, revolves around a starving lower east side family whose daughter rebels against her fathers’ strict conception of the role of a Jewish woman. The major theme of this novel is doomed relationships. There are several of these that are thoroughly analyzed in the novel. These include the relationship between Rabbi Smolinksy and the females in his family as well as those in his society, between him and his son-in-laws, between the Smolinsky daughters and their husbands, between the Smolinsky daughters and their heritage, between Rabbi Smolinksy and his heritage, and lastly, between the old and the new. The following will concentrate on three of latter†¦show more content†¦Of the doomed relationship between the females and Rabbi Smolinksy, there is one female that stands out. This is the rocky relationship between Rabbi Smolinsky and his youngest daughter Sara. Sara, from a young age, was independent. This independence w as illustrated at the time when her family was destitute and starving. On her own initiative, Sara ran out into the street to sell herring in order to bring a couple of dollars home to her family. There is a conflict in Saras’ independence. On one hand, her independence is useful in that it allowed her to assist with the family finances. On the other hand, Rabbi Smolinsky is opposed to her independence because of the fear that she will leave the house, as well as the family values, all together. Rabbi Smolinsky needs Sara at home indefinitely, or at least to marry into a wealthy family, who will then support him. This is not Saras ambition. Due to their clash in values, Sara reaches her breaking point and runs off to become the independent soul she is. â€Å"My will is as strong as yours,† she replies. â€Å"Nobody can stop me. I’m not from the old country. I’m American!† Sara then rediscovers her independence through education, employme nt, and love. The last doomed relationship in the novel, is the relationship between Rabbi Smolinsky’s daughters and their husbands. Relationships require a stable foundation in which to grow. If that foundation is weak at

Review Of Beethoven Symphony No. 9 - 1301 Words

Ludwig van Beethoven once said, â€Å"Music, in truth, is the mediator between intellectual and sensual life†. Though he and his music were from an entirely different era, both still have relevance in our lives today. Music from the past is all around us on the radio, in commercials, and on the big screen. For example, one of Beethoven’s most famous symphonies, â€Å"Symphony No. 9†, makes an appearance in many movies. It even makes an appearance in Die Hard. Though we like to think that which is old is obsolete, we are everyday reminded that this is not true. â€Å"Symphony No. 9†, better known as â€Å"Ode to Joy†, was written by Beethoven in the years 1822 to 1824. The performing forces in this piece are an orchestra, four vocalists, and a chorus. The genre of the piece is symphony. The piece is comprised of four movements. The first movement is in Allegro form. While the second movement is in Scherzo form. The third movement is in Adagio form. F inally, the fourth and final movement is in Recitative form. The key for Beethoven’s ninth symphony is D minor. The tempo changes frequently throughout Beethoven’s symphony, â€Å"Ode to Joy†. In the first movement the tempo is allegro. During the second, the tempo is molto vivace. In the third movement the tempo is adagio molto e cantabile. Then, in the fourth and final movement the tempo changes a couple of times. The tempos that appear in the fourth movement are presto; allegro molto assai (Alla marcia); andante maestoso; allegro energico,Show MoreRelatedBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphonies1558 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beeth oven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart inRead MoreClassical Music And The Era Of Music1646 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction If you were like me, when someone mentioned classical music or music for the heroic era you knew very little to nothing about the subject. The only thing you knew was that it was music from a long time ago and that Beethoven was the only artist you could name. So, let me enlighten you on what classical music is and the era it comes from. The term classical is something that has a wide and long-lasting appeal. In music, when a piece was written from between about 1750 to 1825 it wasRead MoreEssay Plan. Essay Topic: Beethoven’S Symphony No.6 Is A1829 Words   |  8 PagesEssay plan Essay topic: Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 is a turning point in music history Introduction: - What is turning point in music history? Turning point is defined as â€Å"a point at which a notable or decisive change takes place; critical point;† , and it â€Å"represents a lasting shift in the zeitgeist or ‘spirit of the age.’† As an important part of Art, music has a crucial role on representing the human spirit of the age. When a turning point in music history occurs, it implies a change in humanRead MoreThe San Diego Symphony Hall2612 Words   |  11 Pages On the weekend of Friday, October 17, 2014, to Sunday, October 19, 2014, the San Diego Symphony presented Van Cliburn Gold, a Jacobs Masterworks Concert of the 2014-15 Season. The performance was held at the Jacobs Music Center’s Copley Symphony Hall and featured works from Ludwig Van Beethoven, Serge Prokofiev, and Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The conductor for the performance was Jahja Ling, and Vadym Kholodenko performed on the piano (Bromberger, 2014, p. 13). Born approximately on December 16Read MoreSymphony No.58248 Words   |  33 PagesSymphony No 5 (Beethoven) http://www.ask.com/wiki/Beethoven s_Fifth_Symphony From Wikipedia ( View original Wikipedia Article ) Last modified on 13 January 2011 at 03:35 Dari Wikipedia ( Lihat yang asli Wikipedia Pasal ) Terakhir diubah pada 13 Januari 2011 03:35    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dari Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas (Redirected from Beethoven s Fifth Symphony ) (Dialihkan dari Beethoven s Fifth Symphony ) Jump to: navigation , search Langsung ke: navigasi ,Read MoreRunning Head : Dynamic Writing1611 Words   |  7 Pagesschool music appreciation course, and strategies for pairing ICTs and journaling will be outlined. For structural organization and clarity, a detailed explanation of each assignment component will be listed under the section headings of this paper. Review of Internet Sources When researching online examples of journaling in the music content area, the most common results found were lesson plans authored by teachers, graduate students, and school boards in the form of PDFs and documents. The pointRead MoreKey Signature and Beethoven9252 Words   |  38 PagesOutline Title: Life and Works of Ludwig van Beethoven and His Achievements Thesis Statement: Beethoven is one of the greatest composer in the history of music. He played a big role in the world of music. He was the one who initiated among his co-composers the freedom to express themselves. Some of his masterpieces were Eroica Pastorale, Fideleo and the religious composition entitled Missa Solemnis. I. Introduction II. The Man and His Music A.Read MoreBeethovens Violin Concerto2137 Words   |  9 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is considered one of the greatest and most influential composers in the history of music. His Violin Concerto in D Major has been played by nearly every soloist in the past 150 years and, today, it is one of the major works in violin repertoire. Since its premiere by Franz Clement in the winter of 1806, many aspects of the violin, bow, and performance have undergone changes. This paper discusses the modern day knowledge of Beethoven s Violin Concerto, and how it is influencingRead MoreConcert Report Mozart Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages15 January 2011 Concert Report: Mozart Symphony No. 40 The western classical concert that I have chosen to review is A Tale of Two Symphonies. This concert is performed in the Avery Fisher hall within the Lincoln Center in New York City. It was performed on July 29, 2008. The orchestra that is performing is the 42nd Mostly Mozart Orchestra. The conductor is Louis Langrà ©e. The two pieces being performed in this concert is Mozarts Symphony No. 40 and Mahler’s Das Lied von der Erde.Read MoreCharacteristics of the Romantic Music Period Essay2477 Words   |  10 Pagesconcluding with strategies for listening to this music today. Some of the music which can be used to illustrate these changes are specific works by Beethoven, a composer, who is viewed as a major influence on the music of the nineteenth century. This can be evidenced by the Grove article on Romanticism, which deems it to be widely accepted that Beethoven â€Å"inaugurated a ‘Romantic era’†[ii]. The demands of Romantic music are characterised by several key changes. These changes can be summarised as follows:

Review Of The By Joanne Rowling - 1318 Words

Glenna Negron Mr. Peneton Themes in Literature March 25, 2015 J.K. Rowling Philanthropist Joanne Rowling, one of the most well known British novelists in the world. She was born on July 31, 1965 at Yate General Hospital in Gloucestershire, England. (1) Joanne grew up in Chepstow, Gwent and from an early age she had an ambition to be a writer. (5) As a child she wrote many stories and short books, and continues to do so with great success. Later, Joanne left Chepstow to go to Exeter University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in French and the Classics. (2) After graduating, she moved to London where she started her job as a researcher for Amnesty International, a global movement that battles to end mistreatment of human rights. Though she would go on to be a famous author it was her work with Amnesty International that laid the foundation which fueled her passion for philanthropy and social activism. You may know Joanne Rowling better as J.K Rowling, famous author of the well known Harry Potter series. From the moment she began earning money from Harry Potter, Joanne made it her priority to give back and speak out. (4) During one interview, Joanne points out, â€Å"You have a moral responsibility when you’ve been given far more than you need, to do wise things with it and give intelligently,† (D’Estries, Michael). Joanne earned billions of dollars from her Harry Potter book and film franchises. (3) To the surprise of the wealth driven media, she has given over $160Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Fame and Fortune of J.K. Rowling1419 Words   |  6 Pageshave watched J.K. Rowling tower over all other authors in the world. Rowling went through many trials, tribulations and hard ships to be the great woman she is today. Rowling’s life is now in the public eye all because of one boy, Harry Potter. J.K. Rowling once said â€Å"I thought I’d written something that a handful of people might like. So this has been something of a shock.†- J.K. Rowling (Rowling J.K.). Subsequently Rowl ing’s life will be forever changed. Joanne Kathleen Rowling has demonstratedRead MoreAltruism in Contemporary Young Adult Literature1875 Words   |  8 Pagesthat is both criticised and cherished. Penned by renowned author J.K. Rowling the story of the boy wizard seems to break the barriers of age, race, religion and gender with the range of its fans. This investigation focuses on the Harry Potter series and intends to answer the question of Harry Potter: Selfish or Selfless under the topic of Altruism in Contemporary Young Adult Literature. This investigation is a literature review; unlike a science experiment this report requires are more in-depth analysisRead MoreJ. K. Rowling: The Incredible Impact of Harry Potter Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesJ. K. Rowling is the author of the best-selling Harry Potter series. As Bruno Bettelheim says, â€Å"If we hope to live not just moment to moment, but in true consciousness of our existence, then our greatest need and most diffi cult achievement is to find meaning in our lives† (Bettelheim 2). †when children are young, it is literature that carries such information best† (Bettelheim 4). In literary circles, mention of Rowling or her work is likely to raise some tempers. Critics find her work â€Å"antitheticalRead MoreJ.k. Rowling s Life1191 Words   |  5 PagesJ.K. Rowling was born on July 31, 1965 in Yate, England. She has a younger sister named Dianne. She adopted her pen name J.K. Rowling, Joanne her first name and using K for her grandmother’s name Kathleen. She does not have a middle name. (Biography.com. 29 June 2016. Web). Education has played an important role in J.K. Rowling’s life. Her mother came from a family of teachers. (Kirk 2003, 27). J.K. Rowling graduated from Exeter in 1983. (Kirk 2003, 48). She became certified to teach modern languagesRead MoreJ.K: Rowling and Her Harry Potter Empire787 Words   |  3 Pagestoday know Joanne Rowling by her nicknam e J.K. Rowling which J is the first letter of her first name and the first letter K for Kathleen which is her grandmothers name. J.K. Rowling decided to use that name to appeal to boys so using a unisex nickname she did just that. J.K. Rowling was born and raised in England. She was born on the 31 of july 1956. Her father James Rowling and mother Anne volant met on a train on their way to join the British navy. Even from an early age J.K Rowling had alwaysRead MoreEssay Harry Potter Hysteria: Is Harry Potter Dangerous2209 Words   |  9 Pagesreligions’. (Wicca Dictonary.com) In 1990, J.K. Rowling came up with the idea of the now famous orphaned wizard named Harry Potter. Unfortunately she was commuting from Manchester to London and didnt have a pen to write with while the train was delayed. She finally got home and started writing what would become a revolutionary book, loved by millions around the globe (Anelli 19). In 1996 Bloomsbury Publishing Company buys from J.K. Rowling the first Harry Potter story, Harry Potter and the Philosophers

Technology Higher Education Free Essays

Technology Taking Over The person of the 21st century has the luxury of being dependent on technology, allowing for certain weaknesses to sprout out of individuals due to their lack of natural abilities. Technology is the making, modification, use, and knowledge of tools, machines, or techniques, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, or perform a specific function. It’s true; technology has made life more efficient and reliable. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology: Higher Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many great inventions have been possible through technology. Technology is also one of the causes of people becoming lazier, uninspired, and less creative. Technology is not bad in and of itself, but people are misusing it. Planes, trains, and automobiles carry people from place to place at high speeds. Telephones, television and computer networks help people communicate with others across the world. Medical technologies from vaccines to Stem Cell therapy, allow people to live longer, healthier lives. Although most people think technology made life easier, it’s actually making them overly dependent on those technologies. Today’s generation is becoming much lazier because they are too dependent on the latest gadgets. Some of them are unable to do things on their own. Nowadays, people use computers in business, public services, education, and most of all, in entertainment. There are many advantages to this situation. Firstly, computer controlled cars, planes or ships all people to travel safely and reduce travel time. However, a disadvantage to this is that all of these affect our environment in some way or another which eventually ends up harming ourselves. Faster travel times have led to easier dispersal of airborne viruses and diseases between locales, as well as increases in jet lag. Jumping from time zone to time zone can have a detrimental effect on the body. Most powerful countries depend on their industrial power to stabilize their status. Technology made industrial development increase rapidly. Industries depend more on machines than human power. This newly discovered robotic technology makes human workers obsolete in some factories. Robots have been built to do tasks equally the same or better as humans, leaving them jobless. Robotics are a blessing and a curse to a company. While it’s nice to have a machine do everything, it can lead to issues down the road as customers notice the quality may not be the same as the quality they experienced from human hands. Another major con to robotics is that companies still need employees to manage the machines. When a problem happens, the machine will continue to run instead of stopping and â€Å"thinking† of what needs to be done in order to fix the problem. This is why companies still need to have skilled and qualified employees to run the machines before they cause them to lose millions of dollars. Also, today’s society is based upon quick sound bites and short attention spans. The world is at our fingertips, yet paradoxically, the more we connect, the more we actually disconnect. The internet has taken over, dominating our lives. The internet is an easy access for information from around the world that can be attained within seconds. There are many interactive applications on the internet that can bring distant people closer together without having to commute. Also, shopping has become more convenient. The disadvantage of the internet is that it has become too reliable for most people. People can get â€Å"hooked† on the internet. Some people may take advantage of all these things and scam others for their money, as it is that simple to create a legit seeming website. Despite it’s ease, technology has caused people to become so reliant that, in a poll by CNET, 28 percent of people said they wouldn’t be able to live without high-speed internet. Many people don’t know how to look up information in libraries or encyclopedias. Though technology has allowed us to improve and modify traditional tasks, it has also clouded our realization of the dependency we have on it. America’s education level has become an average ranking. Education has developed into a network of many avenues that now allows the average American to obtain education easier. Higher education has branched out from the traditional university into online degrees, trade schools, and junior colleges. Obtaining a high school education has also advanced : high school students can take AP courses and high school dropouts can get a GED. With all these opportunities, why is it that America ranked as average in the international education ratings? The number of options available has caused our country to have no ambition to excel. Other countries have less options and freedoms which may be the motivation that allows them to achieve higher education rankings than the U. S. Many people are pointing to technology as a cause of childhood obesity. The younger generation has lost it’s curious nature to explore the world. Instead, children are hiding behind a TV screen or video game. For adults, the accused culprits are different yet the same, for example people spending more time driving and less time walking or biking to reach their destinations. Technology doesn’t just keep people in their chairs, it changes the way people eat. Obesity in children has increased by thirty percent in the past thirty years in America according to the Center for Disease Control and prevention. Obesity leads to many health problems including, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, respiratory problem, and cardio-vascular disease. The public is carried in street cars; elevators take the place of stairs in our larger buildings, and the necessary activity of the energetic is not directed in the use of muscles needed in running and walking. It is becoming noticeable that people are slowly losing those abilities and letting machines or computers do the work for them. People are no longer required to think. If posed with a difficult or even simple problem people will simply â€Å"Google† it on an iPhone and the answer is found within seconds. Students are also becoming too dependent on calculators. Instead of using a graphing calculator to solve complex mathematical formulas, students turn to calculators for even simple calculations. Though calculators are important in an evolving world, it is still important for teachers to teach students how to do mental math and reasoning (Metz). Scholars, particularly teen scholars, are no longer required to spell correctly. Words like tomorrow, tonight, and before, become 2morrow, 2night and b4 in playful texting conversation. Spell check is also contributing to the downfall of spelling. Too often, people type a word sloppily into a web document and let spell check do the work without even noticing the word was misspelled. We are living in a society which is called â€Å"technologically civilized†. Every small work we do is technology dependent. Today every other person is recognized with the device or gadget, he or she carries. Ultimately we can say that, â€Å"living without technology is like living without air†, in this technical world of today. In conclusion, we can use technology but with moderation. If we use it, firstly we should have to check if we can do that action without it. If we are ever in a situation where technology is not present, we will find it difficult to resolve the situation. How to cite Technology: Higher Education, Papers

The Bottom of the Pyramid Strategy for Reducing Poverty free essay sample

Another vital role of the state is to provide basic services such as infrastructure, public health and education. Both these responsibilities of the state are even more critical in the context of poverty reduction. 2 DESA Working Paper No. 80 The Poor as Value-Conscious Consumers The BOP proposition views the poor primarily as potential consumers i. e. as untapped purchasing power. Providing increased consumption choices to the poor will increase their welfare, assuming rational consumers. It is almost an â€Å"item of faith† among development economists that the poor act rationally (The Economist, 2007). Some civil society organizations have argued that targeting the poor as a market might cause them to wastefully spend part of their already meagre income on low priority products and services (for example, Clay, 2005: chapter 5). Hammond and Prahalad (2004) dismiss such arguments as patronizing and arrogant; how can anybody else decide what is best for the poor? The BOP proposition argues that the poor have the right to determine how they spend their limited income and are, in fact, value-conscious consumers; the poor themselves are the best judge of how to maximize their utility. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom of the Pyramid Strategy for Reducing Poverty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only the expenditure patterns of the poor, and not their utility preferences, can be directly observed. The BOP proposition assumes—on ideological grounds, and without empirical evidence—that the poor must be maximizing their utility preferences, and that these preferences are congruent with the true selfinterest of the poor. This is free market ideology taken to a dangerous extreme, and harms the poor. Even a stalwart proponent of neo-liberal policies like The Economist concludes that the poor do make choices, and the empirical evidence suggests that â€Å"they are not always the best ones I will argue below that the assumption that the poor are value-conscious consumers is empirically false; additionally, it is morally problematic. The poor, in fact, are vulnerable due to lack of education (often they are illiterate), lack of information, and other economic, cultural and social deprivations. A person’s utility preferences are malleable and shaped by his or her background and experience, especially if he or she is disadvantaged (Sen, 2000). It is not appropriate to assume that the poor’s expressed preferences are truly in their self-interest.

Lebanon A Globe

Lebanon: A Globe-trotters Guide Essay Lebanon: A Globe-trotters GuideI planned my trip to Lebanon from December 26th to January 5th. The mountainsin Lebanon are covered with snow and I thought this would be the most beautiful time tovisit the Middle East. The round-trip airline ticket should cost approximately $2,160.00. I also found a hotel in central Beirut, The Holiday Suites Hotel, which should rangebetween $350 and $750 for the entire stay (travelocity.com). Also, there must be takeninto account the cost of meals which should be no more than $300 total for the entire trip. I will also be carrying at least $1000 for souveniers, ski rental, and lift tickets, as well astaxis and other public modes of transportation.. Lebanon is very beautiful, due to its four-season weather, beaches, and skiingmountains. Lebanon has a commonly Mediterranean climate. The Lebanese peopleexperience hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. The Lebanese mountainshowever, experience heavy snows for the duration of the winter months. L ebanon is apredominantly mountainous country merely the size of Connecticut. The fertile BequaaValley separates the Lebanese mountains from the Anti-Lebanese mountains on theSyrian-Lebanese border. The official language of Lebanon is Arabic, but French is widely spoken. Someminor languages throughout Lebanese culture are Armenian and English. There are threerecognized religions in Lebanon; Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. There areapproximately seventy-one percent of the Lebanese people whom practice Islam, whiletwenty-nine percent practice different denominations of Christianity and the remainingcitizens practice Judaism. (middleeastnews.com)Lebanese culture varies within families, and varies even greater in respect to ageand wealth. A large majority of Lebanese women wear long gowns with a scarf wrappedaround their heads, and a jacket over their clothes. However, older Lebanese womenwear a long and baggy black dress and use a scarf tied behind their neck to hide theirhair. The fa shion of men however is much more revealing, as with most Middle Easterncultures. The older men in Lebanon wear baggy trousers that are wound tightly aroundthe cuff. They wear open-necked collarless shirts, and they sometimes wear a hat calleda Turbish (Wormser 181). As a westerner, I will not be required to wear the traditional Lebanese dress. SInce I am planning a skiing trip, bringing lots of sweaters, and ski bibs will beappropriate for this time of year. I will also need a ski parka, a hat, gloves, and a scarf. Iwill probably bring some jeans to explore the tourist attractions in. While visiting Lebanon, one would expect to enjoy traditional Middle-Easterncuisine. Some Lebanese dishes include Baba Ghanoush, which is a dip made frompureed roasted eggplant as well as garlic and other Meditteranean spices. AnotherTraditional Lebanese dish is Kibbeh Arnabieh. This dish is made of traditional LebaneseKibbeh in a tangy orange and tahini sauce. Stuffed vine Leaves, which are similar toGreek dolmas, are also a widely consumed culinary delight. There are many ancient sites to be visited while in Lebanon. Among them are theRuins at Ajar. This once was a Pheonician city, which now rests very near theLebanese-Syrian border. Echmoun is a second Phoenician site that should be visited. Another interesting thing to visit in Lebanon is the Baalbeck Roman Ruins, which are inthe North end of the Bequaa Valley. It is a massive complex with the temples of Venus,Jupiter and Bacchus. The Hippodome, a stadium for chariot races, is also an excitingtourist attraction that any westerner should encounter (www.mninter.net). The Lebanese Republic is a traditional republican government. Its roots werederived from Ottoman law, Canon law, Napoleonic Code, and Civil Law. Theirconstitution, which was originally created on May 23, 1926, has been amended manytimes. Lebanon has five Administrative divisions which consist of Al Biga, Al Junab,Ash Shamal, Bayrut, Jabal, and Lubnan. The Lebanese President is Emile Lahoud. Thecurrent Speaker of Parliament is Nabih Berri, and the Prime minister is Rafik Hariri. Since Lebanons devastating sixteen-year civil war which ended only in 1990, a newgovernment has finally taken hold and gained some sort of control of the county (Middleeastnews.com). Politically Lebanon is governed by many different sectarianpolitical groups. Most of these consist of individual political figures and their followers,who are motivated by their individual religious beliefs, clan, and economicconsiderations. .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .postImageUrl , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:hover , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:visited , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:active { border:0!important; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:active , .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70 .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d8e81a8fcba65bbd00b7d6f895a3a70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sept 12th EssaySo, in conclusion, Lebanon is a very interesting place to be. There is ancientruins to visit, and mountins to ski on, food to enjoy, and marvelous scenery to take infrom all angles. Works Cited1.) http://www.middleeastnews.com/lebanon.html2.) http://www.mninter.net/~engelst/mideast.htm3.) Wormser, Michael D ed. The Middle East. Fifth Edition. Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1981.

How Can A Suggestion Essay Sample Help You?

How Can A Suggestion Essay Sample Help You?The recommendation essay sample is also known as recommendation essay. It contains the key thoughts of the reader in the style of an essay. The essay is a source of guidance and should be carefully analyzed and written for the benefit of the readers. There are three basic types of the recommendation essay sample.Recommendation essay samples is usually used by a teacher or a lecturer to teach a class. The teacher may consider this as an instructional guide for students. This is a writing sample used by writers who are involved in the writing and editing of books and other publications. Although this essay is written for teachers, it can be applied to any kind of writing and is a great help for writers and editors who need some help.This essay is also known as thesis and introduction essay. This is not like an academic paper or a report. This is just a short essay written to give an overview about the topic. This is a writing sample used by jo urnalists to report on certain topics. Journalists write using specific words in their articles to attract readers and make them interested in what they have to report.This is not a formal essay but simply an introduction to a thesis. A thesis usually has an outline that describes the topic to be written about. As the name implies, a suggestion essay sample is used to give details on what the reader needs to know before starting to write. This is a great form of a review for a person who needs to get a fast response to a query.This is not a recommendation essay sample but it is a short reading through the subject. This is the great means to gain information about a topic before beginning to write the topic. This is also a good way to find out what your readers want to know. This is also a teaching sample used by teachers who want to create a history for their subject. There are many forms of the suggestion essay sample that has been used in schools and colleges.A thesis can be compa rative information paper or a research paper. These samples are basically similar to a thesis but with extra information that the teacher can use to help his students. This is a great writing sample to get information on a topic. This is a great idea if you are trying to get good feedback from your students.Writing is very important but writing skills can also be improved. There are many forms of the recommendation essay sample that can be used by writers and students. This can be used in both academic and non-academic situations. This writing sample is a great idea to improve writing skills and vocabulary.

Match Fixing free essay sample

Match fixing in Pakistan Match fixing has been a curse to the game of cricket since the time the game was invented. Pakistan is one of those countries, which has been accused of match fixing more than any other country has ever been accused of. The first major accusation came under the Justice Qayum report according to which various Pakistani cricketing stars were involved in fixing matches, these included Wasim Akram, Waqaq Younis, Inzimam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed and various others. The Justice Qayum report offered various penalties for the accused but his recommendations for penalizing the cricketers for their gruesome act were totally shunned. The biggest and the most controversial match fixing case that Pakistan cricket ever suffered from was the spot fixing controversy of 2010 in which three famous cricketer were allegedly involved in fixing no balls at certain periods of the game. It was the summer of 2010 when Pakistan cricket team toured England. We will write a custom essay sample on Match Fixing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The historic and the king of all cricket grounds Lords was the place where the most shameful incident ever recorded in the history of the game took place. It was the 4th day of the test match between Pakistan and England that news of spot fixing broke on the media. A sting operation carried out by Mazhar Mehmood of Englands News of the World magazine revealed the mischief done by the Pakistani cricketers. The star trio of Pakistan cricket team including the test captain Salman Butt, the experienced master of swing Muhammad Asif and the new bowling sensation of the world Mohammad Amir were caught being involved in spot fixing. There was uproar in the international arena after this incident as people started questioning the authenticity of the game. The players took money from Mazhar Majeed for bowling preplanned no balls at certain time periods of the game. There were hidden camera videos aired on television recording this cruel act of fixing. The players alleged for being involved in spot fixing were handed punishing bans by the International Cricket Council. The captain Salman Butt was handed a ban of 10 years, Muhammad Asif a ban of 7 years while the youngster for being naive was handed only a 5 year ban from the game of cricket. Their punishment for this totally unacceptable act did not finish just here. They faced criminal prosecution after the Crown Court determined there was evidence available for the players to be trialed. After several months Mohammad Amir accepted his crime while Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt chose to defend themselves in court. However after the trial was complete they were proved to be guilty. This day marked the darkest day for Pakistans cricket as the three Pakistani players were sentenced to imprisonment for varying periods. Mohammad Amir for accepting his crime was awarded a lesser punishment which was 6 months in a young offenders jail while Mohammad Asif was sentenced for a years imprisonment. Salman Butt was handed the cruelest punishment of 30 months of imprisonment as he was leading the clan. With the disgrace events such as match fixing and spot fixing have bought to Pakistan, the cricketing board needs to get strict and teach its players discipline at the grass root level so they do not head towards earning money the wrong way and play the game fairly as it ought to be played. Match Fixing free essay sample Cricket, a gentleman’s game is shrouded in shame. Like a virus betting and match-fixing have seeped into crickets’ bloodstream to the point where the essence of cricket has been shattered. The foundation of cricket is its credibility and it is shaking like a leaf in a sudden storm. We ask again and again-where did talent end and the fix began? In organized  sports,  match fixing,  race fixing  or  sports fixing  occurs as a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. Match-fixing generally refers to fixing the final result of the game. The major motivations behind match fixing are gambling and future team advantage. Why cricketers would sell their reputations, their careers, their team, their country is one of them? We ought to assume answers that Cricketers are also like us-the common man and greed is a basic human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Match Fixing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is no full stop to greed and this greed applies to every race, creed and color. Or it is because the players careers are being so threatened by the increasing number of manipulations that they are tempted to make some extra money at the cost of morality, to lay aside for the future? But†¦.. Unfortunately, Cricketing administration has slept in the hope that like a bad dream match fixing will come to an end with the batting of eyelid. The fine imposed on the cricketers was too mild a penalty for information of that magnitude†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ One of the recommendations suggested by the ICC code of Conduct Commission must be â€Å"an obligation on the part of the players to report to the team manager or captain any approach made to them by bookmakers or knowledge of such approach to any other player† with the corollary that â€Å"failure to make such a report be made a punishable offence†. It is for the players to help keep their sport unblemished, for a tainted game means even the honest will be under scrutiny. The villain of piece is none else but macabre money, the glory glitter of which has blinded many an upright player to fall into the trap. The gentlemans game has fallen into the horrendous hands of bookie; for whom cricket should no longer be decided on the batting pitch, but in the betting back room of some five star hotel.. Before it is too late to mend the matters, the cricket boards and others in the cricket playing countries should see to it that the unscrupulous bookies match fixers do not consume the cricket culture. Besides betting, some very reputed players have confessed to being paid for providing information to a bookie about the pitch and the weather, conclusively indicating that the rot has run deep. Everything may be fair in love and wars but as far as morality over money, excellence over expediency and commitment over compromise in strict adherence to sportsmanship and healthy competition are concerned, no laxity or apathy can be allowed to run down the long established practices and precedents. The cricketing boards, whose sole interest now seems to be to make as much money as possible, should concentrate on ascertaining why such degeneration has taken place. It is only because of the excessive money that flows into the game? With the disgrace events such as match fixing and spot fixing have bought to the country, the cricket board needs to get strict and teach its players discipline at the grass root level so they do not head towards earning money the wrong way and play the game fairly as it ought to be played.

Edgar Allan Poes Work Essays - The Cask Of Amontillado, Free Essays

Edgar Allan Poe's Work Essays - The Cask Of Amontillado, Free Essays Edgar Allan Poe's Work Edgar Allan Poe's work is known throughout the world. He was born in 1809 in Boston. When Poe was still an infant his father left him and then his mother died. Poe was adopted by Jon Allan. Then Edgar Allan Poe was Educated in Europe. Poe attendant college for while, but Jon Allan stopped Paying for his college education because Poe had to many gambling depts. Then Poe joined to the army in 1827 he wasn't successful in the army though. Then Poe moved back to the United States and wrote stories in Baltimore. Poe was married to Virginia in 1836. Eleven years later Virginia dies of an Illness, Poe was very disturbed. In 1849 Poe died. Poe was known as the Father of Gothic Horror. Readers of Poe's work especially the short stories will find among many Similarities. When analyzing the short stories, readers will find these Similarities by considering the story elements: charters, setting, plot, mood, Subject of matter, and point of view. The characters in Poe's stories share similarities. Often a character is Driven by their emotions. In the Tell Tale Heart the unidentified narrator Becomes so obsessed with his emotions regarding the old man's eye that he Was driven to murder. In the Cask of Amontillado Montessori is totally Controlled by his overpowering feeling that he and his family name had been Insulted. In the Pit and the Pendulum the unknown narrator is being driven By his emotions to survive and to get out of the pit. It seems Poe's characters Are driven by their emotions. Another similarity a reader will notice is that usually male characters left Unidentified for example in The Pit and the Pendulum the entire story is Narrated by a man who is certainly unnamed, but is also vague regarding his Person. In this story he is basically the only character. In The Fall of the House of Usher the narrator who is the central character among only two Other characters remain nameless and vague as well. The characters in Poe's Stories are enigmatic, mysterious, and often unidentified. Poe's settings share several similarities. Often a story will take place in a Dark confined space. For example The Pit and the Pendulum is an area Where it is a small closed and unidentified. Also in The Cask of Amontillado it is in the catacombs mostly nowhere else. Also the settings in Poe's work are often vague, unknown, or far away. For example The Pit and The Pendulum is very unclear it is set in what appears to be an underground Pit during the time of the Spanish Inquisition, but it remain dark and Mysterious. Also, the style itself is merky and difficult summing to reflect That very darkness and unclearness of the setting. The selection revealed the Above similarities of Poe's settings. Poe's technique for plot elements shows similarities. Madness, murder, Revenge, horror, and bizarre situations that seem to abruptly end our plot Themes that weave their way through many of Poe's stories. For example in The Cask of a Amontillado Montessori is seeking revenge to Fortunate Insulting Montessori and his family. Also in The Tell Tale Heart the narrator Kills an old man because of the appearance of the old man's eye which is a Bizarre situation. Another example is The Pit and the Pendulum it Contained horror and many bizarre situations. The mood in Poe's stories is rather sinister. Poe's work contains Melancholy, sinister objects, and dark and gloomy moods. For example The Pit and the Pendulum is dark and gloomy and has many sinister objects like The pit, the pendulum, and the hot walls coming together. The Tell Tale Heart is full of melancholy because a young man goes insane and commits Murder because of the appearance of an old man's eye. Mostly all of Poe's Work has a sinister mood in it. The subject of matter often contains death, murder, and revenge. For Example in The Cask of a Amontillado Montessori murders Fortunate Because he insulted Montessori. The point of view is usually always first Person and the narrator is the antagonist. For example is The Tell Tale Heart the narrator is in first person and is the antagonist because he murders Someone. In conclusion, Edgar A. Poe is a very interesting man who is known Throughout the world for his work. Poe's stories are good in variety, but Mostly all of them are evil or have a sad or bizarre ending. Poe's is known as The father of gothic horror. Poe is a very talented writer who has

Factors influencing consumers buying behaviour of Thai people in Essay - 2

Factors influencing consumers buying behaviour of Thai people in choosing luxury brands - Essay Example This paper presents the strategy to be used during the research. This paper will begin with the positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is a scientific approach whose methods are organized and measurable basing on the behaviors of the communities.   The positivism principles rely on quantifiable facts that help the researcher make a statistical analysis. Since the researcher seeks to identify human experience on luxury products, positivism design will help the researcher find their consumption patterns and their interests. Since this research aims at determining purchasing patterns of luxury products among the women, social status is a paramount consideration for the consumption of luxury products. Therefore, this approach is essential for this study. On the other hand, interpretive approach inclines towards the qualitative collection of data. Whereas positivism design seeks to identify the causes of buying behavior patterns, the interpretivist methodology is more qualitative and seeks for commonness in consumption patterns. For the purpose of this study, the research inclines mainly to quantitative and not qualitative data collection. The researcher will base researcher understanding on â€Å"positive† verification of visible experience as opposed to intuition or introspection. This makes this approach applicable to the study. There are two main methods that researcher often uses to collect the data which are a quantitative and qualitative method.

Is police brutality justifiable in the United States Essay

Is police brutality justifiable in the United States - Essay Example The answer to this question is more complex than initially thought. Social media do an excellent persuasive job in misconstruing public opinion based on cases of justified excessive police force and cases where the force is questionable. This delicate issue in our society at the moment is sweeping our nation and dividing Americans by ethnic groups, depending on the victimization of each case that hits the news. A wide range of allegations on police brutality in the United States tend to give rise to broad discussions in public. As usual, there are two opposite points of view on the issue which are represented in the dichotomy â€Å"reasonable force vs. police brutality†. Representatives on both the sides rely greatly on what they get from the media coverage of events and not many of them refer to official surveys which can shed light upon the problem under discussion. Before addressing the above-mentioned research, it is necessary to give a clear definition of what reasonable force means though. As it is stated in legal papers, the police have a right to use a â€Å"reasonable force†. Overall, the law states clearly in what cases one can use a reasonable force. Among such circumstances are self-defense, defense of other people or property, lawful arrest and prevention of a crime. In fact, common citizens are also allowed to use force in these situations; the standards for police officers are higher though. In any case, the use of such force appears to be reasonable under given circumstances (Fitch 234-235). In other words, one, in this case, a police officer, must believe that the force he / she (still usually he) uses is justifiable and not excessive at the same time. To see how a serving police officer assesses a situation in which he might use force, how the police are taught, an interview has been conducted. The interviewee is a serving police officer who he asked not to give his name that is why he will be referred to

Effect of Robot Technology for Post Stroke Gait Improvement

Effect of Robot Technology for Post Stroke Gait Improvement Introduction Stroke is a one of the most severe health problem worldwide; it is a syndrome characterised by signs and symptoms that develop rapidly resulting in focal and global loss of cerebral functions. These sign and symptoms resulting from vascular insufficiency last for over 24 hours eventually results in severe physical and functional disability or may also cause death. It has been also found that per year prevalence rate of stroke is high i.e. 2/1000. However, the mortality rate of stroke is reduce in past few years but it is still the second most cause of death worldwide following chronic heart disease and third-most leading cause of death in New Zealand following cancer at first and chronic heart disease at second. Moreover, because of the poor functional outcome in majority of post-stroke patients, makes stroke as an utmost cause of disability worldwide; as one-third of post stroke population suffers with severe functional disability even after five years of stroke. Besides, over 7000 stroke incident reports per year in New Zealand; 3/4th of this post stroke population have to live dependently on others for their Activities of daily living. Eventually, post-stroke functional disability and rehabilitation cost of post stroke victims results in increase holistic socioeconomic burden; in conjunction with victim and their respective family member, i ncreases the worldwide economic burden at 4% (Barker, 2010). According to previous studies; neuroplasticity mechanism plays an imperative role in post-stroke functional improvement. In an endeavour to achieve effective functional recovery, it is mandatory to use neuroplasticity mechanism effectively is an essential goal to include during the stroke rehabilitation (Pekna, 2012). Whilst, multidisciplinary treatment approach and task specific training embellish with consistent repetition or high intensity task practice are also vital for functional recovery after stroke1. Therefore, it is essential to include these fundamental principal during the goal setting of stroke rehabilitation (Langhorne, 2011). Furthermore previous studies reveals; coordinated reciprocal movements and pastoral tone is reduce or lost subsequently post-stroke. Therefore, gait alteration is one of the most common disability among post-stroke patient; as 30% of the stroke survivors have impaired walking ability i.e., slow walking velocity in conjunction with decrease endurance and poor ability to adopt constrains during walking (Tilling, 2001). Eventually, in an endeavour to improve activities of daily living and functional independence among stroke victim; an independent ambulation is an important goal to achieve during stroke rehabilitation. Kwakkel (1999), suggest the imperative role of motor control in improving the ability to control and regulate normal pattern of movement. Besides, it has been also found from studies that for an efficient motor relearning programme it is important to emphasize on the three essential components: Neural; Muscular and; Biomechanical . Therefore, it is essential to focus on high intensity and diversity of specific tasks during the post stroke relearning of skilful movements. Consequently, multidisciplinary approach is supposed to be more beneficial and important for the motor relearning of the stroke patients. Evidently it has been conclude from the previous studies; although innumerable of stroke victims reported worldwide; besides a huge variability in treatment approaches for post-stroke rehabilitation also exists. Therefore, in manoeuvre to reduce post-stroke disability, it is essential to have a reliable and effective rehabilitation treatment. In the recent years a new technology with the help of advance computational approaches and sophisticated electromechanical components has been developed and named as Robot. A robot is develop and design in such a way that it can be re-programmable and perform multi-functional tasks by moving specialize devices. Therefore, it can be used to accomplish a specific task by programming it to produce variable specific motion movements (Pignolo, 2009). As it has been already conclude that the utmost requirements are the consistent repetition or high intensity task practice in stroke rehabilitation; because of the available advancement in technology, it is advantageous to use robot as an effective intervention in stroke rehabilitation (Stein, 2012). Majority of studies have been done to determine the effect of conventional rehabilitation approaches on the variables (function and walking speed) associated with gait training of stroke patients. In most of these studies conventional physiotherapy treatment was included to rehabilitate the gait of the stroke patients therefore; the results of these studies is mainly based upon single treatment approach. Apparently, results of these single treatment approach studies may not be that much beneficial because of the diversity in post-stroke functional loss. Eventually, as soon as robot technology is accepted as an effective intervention for the rehabilitation for stroke; majority of studies are now focus on effectiveness of therapeutic rehabilitation robots surge dramatically. As it has been already found, that the high dosage intensive training and high intensity functional task practice plays an imperative role in stroke rehabilitation. Besides, it has been also reveal that robotic technology has the advantage of delivering this high dosage intensive training and consistent practice of specific functional task. Therefore robot technology as an intervention can play an imperative role in minimizing the adverse post stroke disability effect. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to compare the effect of robotic technology as an intervention on the functional improvement and gait training in the insight of evidence that; a robotic technology as an intervention enhances functional and gait improvement among post-stroke people. METHODS Search Strategy In the present study, a variety of electronic database were search for the initial literature search: EBSCO and Medline health database, Elsevier, PubMed, google, Pedro, AUT library database. Extensive key word were included for the initial search: Stroke; post-stroke disability; neuroplasticity; motor disorder; functional impairment; gait dysfunction; stroke rehabilitation; conventional treatment approach, robot intervention . In the manoeuvre of standardized approach during the search procedure; the list of keyword and all their combinations were used uniformly for searching the literature. Furthermore, additional keywords were added to the main keywords list included review,critical,meta and systematic review when searching for past review articles on stretching and exercise interventions. Study Selection Inclusion Criteria: There was not limitation on the date of publication but search was limited to articles publish in English language. The studies having randomized controlled trial and quasi-experimental studies; comparing either the experimental group with another intervention or with a control group were eligible to include in the present study. The study was restricted to those post-stroke patients who are in sub-acute or chronic stage, fully cooperative and able to follow command, having robot assisted rehabilitation for gait impairment and functional disability. Participants included in studies should not have any; pathological restricted ROM, amputation of any lower limb joint. Furthermore, pilot studies and single case studies were excluded in the present study. Data extraction Data from included studies were extracted for the variables of interest: Gait improvement and functional independence. Then for the tabulated presentation of data; it was then presented in the table 2, under the headings: Author; Study design; Intervention; Outcome measures and; Main findings. Internal validity of the studies The internal validity of the included studies for the appraisal and grading of intervention were checked through a modified version of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group (CMIG) scoring system that comprises of eleven items covering aspects of study design. A final overall score or quality rating (out of a possible 11) for all the included studies was then awarded to each intervention paper. Data synthesis In all the included studies; effect of the robot assisted intervention on post-stroke patients was analysed through gait improvement and functional independence. However, most of the studies included in this literature review also have a diversity in the variables of interest therefore, in an endeavour to check quality of the included studies; a pattern of evidence approach was thus used and marked accordingly on the basis of their design and consistency of finding: low quality if it scored 5 to 6; moderate quality if it scored 6 to 8 and; high quality if it scored 9 or above. Among the included eight studies; one found to be of high quality with score at 9 and remaining studies were of moderate quality with an average score at 6 to 8. RESULTS Initially after searching various database, two thousand articles were identified and out of these articles only twenty articles were found to be appropriate for the abstract review. Thereafter, only 10 papers were found to have the full paper review, and then out of these 8 intervention studies were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and were further subject to critical appraisal and scoring. The primary reasons for the rejection of papers were the intervention other than Robot. Secondly, remaining non-included studies were focused on the population having either acute phase of stroke, restricted rom and amputation of the lower limb. The information relating to each paper included in the review is shown Figure 1. Figure 1: Flowchart Efficacy of robot intervention in Stroke rehabilitation Selected variables – Robot intervention; Gait improvement and Functional independence Two thousand paper were found 100 articles identified, 20 were suitable for abstract review, 10 papers were selected for the full paper review 8 intervention studies were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and were further subject to critical appraisal and scoring Inclusion criteria-RCT; Quasi experimental; English language; Robot intervention; Stroke patients Exclusion criteria Restricted rom; Amputation, Pilot studies, Single case studies Results – One study include is of high quality score at 9 and seven are of moderate quality score at 6 to 8 Quality The scores related to the quality of the papers (QS) varied from 6 to 9. One paper attained a strong quality score each at 9, while all others were at moderate quality score at 6 to 8. The key elements associated with the quality of each paper (blinding of subjects and treatment providers etc.), that were not addressed well are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Internal validity of the studies S.N Author A B C D E F G H I J K Quality score 1 Bandy, W.D. (1994) Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y 9 2 Bandy, W.D. (1997) Y Y Y N.P N N N.P Y Y Y Y 7 3 Baranda, P. S. (2010), Y Y Y N.P N.P N N.P Y Y Y Y 7 4 Feland, J. B. (1999). Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y 9 5 Feland, J. B. (2001) Y Y Y N.P N.P N N Y Y Y Y 7 6 Ford, G. S. (2005) Y Y Y Y N N N.P N Y Y Y 7 7 Odunaiya, N.A. (2005) Y Y Y N N N.P N N.P Y Y Y 6 8 OHora, J. (2011) Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y 6 9 Zakas, A. B. (2013) Y Y Y Y N.P N.P N.P Y Y Y Y 8 Participants From the overall prospective, there were a total of 327 subjects in all the included studies. All the subject included in the studies were stroke patients, having gait impairments and functional dependency. Firstly, it has been found that in all the included studies; an informed consent form was gathered from subjects for their ethical approval. Moreover, in order to keep subjects blinded to the interventions; a randomization of subjects in different groups was done by an appropriate manner. Furthermore, in all the included studies Robot intervention was used as an intervention for the rehabilitation of gait and functional independence. The Robotic device used in all the included studies for the intervention was Lokomat.